Buzuq 完整指南：構造、傳統與演奏方法
「buzuq」名稱的詞源沒有單一共識。一種說法把它與土耳其語 bozuk 及 bağlama 的 bozuk düzen 調弦聯繫起來；另一種說法則追溯到波斯語 tanbur-e bozorg，意為「大型 tanbur」。兩種解釋都應視為可能的語源，而非確定結論。
本文將介紹 buzuq 的構造、阿拉伯與庫德族演奏傳統中的差異，以及基本演奏方式。
什麼是 Buzuq？
Buzuq 是黎凡特地區的長頸有品魯特琴，常見於敘利亞、黎巴嫩、約旦、巴勒斯坦及鄰近音樂文化。它可作獨奏、歌唱伴奏或加入現代阿拉伯樂團；歷史上也與巡迴的 Dom 等音樂家及地方民間傳統有關。
它通常使用成組的金屬弦，以撥片演奏。傳統型可能有兩組弦，現代型也常見三組或其他配置；實際調弦不只 C4、G3 一種。明亮的金屬弦音色配合可移動琴品，讓演奏者能依 maqam 調整微分音程。
Buzuq 外形與土耳其 saz／bağlama 有親緣或相似之處。部分民間型琴身由整塊木材挖製，城市或現代型則常以多片木肋拼成梨形琴身，並使用機械式弦鈕；每件樂器的製法仍依地區與工匠而異。
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阿拉伯與庫德族 Buzuq 有什麼不同？
「阿拉伯 buzuq」通常指黎凡特阿拉伯音樂中的長頸有品魯特琴，琴身比 oud 小、琴頸更長，外形也讓人聯想到希臘 bouzouki 與土耳其 saz。20 世紀以來，它不只出現在民間獨奏，也廣泛加入流行音樂、錄音和阿拉伯樂團。
「庫德族 buzuq」或相關地方名稱可能涵蓋不同長頸有品魯特琴傳統，不能只用一套固定規格概括。可移動琴品有助於處理 makam／maqam 音程；琴身、弦組、調弦與名稱會因工匠和地區而變化。Sala Muzik 店內型號由工匠手製，個別商品頁會列出胡桃木琴身、雲杉面板、楓木琴頸或烏木指板等實際材料，購買時請以該型號規格為準。
如何演奏 Buzuq？
演奏者以薄撥片撥動金屬弦，右手練習穩定的上下撥與節奏，左手則按弦並配合滑音、裝飾音和微分音。傳統兩組弦與現代三組弦型都存在，調弦應依老師、曲目和樂器張力選擇。可移動琴品讓演奏者針對 maqam 微調音程，但不要在弦張力很高時強行移動；調整前先確認琴品綁法，並使用調音器與可靠的音程參考。
Just came back to say that I received the instrument this morning. Wow! It’s inspiring. Beautifully crafted and a joy to play. Here’s a bit I did with it earlier:
https://youtu.be/GDBzkM3ve9s?si=5sCX5cdbjEldOc0G
I have it tuned DD/AA/DD. The D pairs are all at the same pitch; it was a little too floppy when I tried to get the first pair down an octave. I suspect I need wound strings for that, as noted above. Minor issue. Bottom line is that this is a wonderful instrument and an incredible bargain given its quality. Five stars.
My Buzuq is on its way to me from your shop right now and I’m really excited about learning the instrument. It reminds me in some ways of the plectrum banjo—the long neck four string version typically used for jazz and old pop music. The tuning is CGBD, low to high, and the scale length seems to be close to that of the Buzuq.
Dear Pat Wilson,
Thank you for reaching out with your question about the strings for the Buzuq. The traditional tuning for a Buzuq, which has six strings (three courses of two strings each), typically follows these notes:
Course 1 (closest to the player): D4 (re) and D4 (re)
Course 2 (middle): A3 (la) and A3 (la)
Course 3 (furthest from the player): D3 (re) and D3 (re)
The specific gauges of the strings can vary depending on the manufacturer and personal preference, but here is a common set of gauges you might use:
Course 1 (D4): 0.020 inches (plain steel)
Course 2 (A3): 0.030 inches (wound)
Course 3 (D3): 0.035 inches (wound)
These gauges are a starting point, and you may need to adjust slightly based on the specific characteristics of your Buzuq and your playing style.
If you need further assistance or have any other questions, feel free to reach out. We’re here to help!
You mention in your material that the buzuq-s has six strings to increase range, but dont mention what the strings are. Could you provide that information.e.g. G4, C4, A5 or whatever. I am restoring a buzuq, but need to put together as suitable set of strings of the right gauge.
regards – pat wilson
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